Tsakiris, Manos, Lara Maister, Aikaterini Fotopoulou, and Oliver Turnbull. 2018. “The Erogenous Mirror: Intersubjective and Multisensory Maps of Sexual Arousal.” PsyArXiv. August 5. doi:10.31234/osf.io/zreku
Abstract: Several areas of the body, known as ‘erogenous zones’, are able to elicit sexual arousal in the absence of direct genital stimulation. Previous scientific investigations of these erogenous zones have been restricted to the effects of tactile stimulation of one’s own body. However, human sexual interactions are interpersonal and multimodal, involving mutual touching, and looking at each other’s bodies. Here, we take a novel interpersonal and multimodal approach with a large (N=613) questionnaire-based sample to characterise the self-reported intensity and distribution of erogenous zones, mapped both on one’s own body and on an imagined partner’s body in response to being touched but also being looked at. We revealed two key findings; first, we observed clear correspondences between individuals’ topographic distributions of erogenous zones on their own and their partners’ bodies, as well as between those reported to be elicited by tactile and visual stimulation, suggesting the presence of an erogenous mirroring across individual and sensory modalities. Second, strong gender differences were observed in the reported intensity of arousal associated with one’s own as compared to a partner’s body; males reported significantly stronger arousal whilst touching or looking at a partner’s body, whereas females rated it as more arousing for their own body to be touched or looked at. Therefore, the erogeneity of body parts is represented on a multimodal, somatotopic map, which can be activated similarly for both one’s own and the partner’s body, highlighting for the first time the interpersonal and multisensory organization of the erogenous body.
Monday, August 6, 2018
Participants consumed an average of 110 unique foods over 28 days; females consumed more unique foods than did males over most all eating occasions; participants were generally satisfied with the amount of variety they selected
Variety in the diets of free-living, food-secure adults. Lauren E. Wisdorf et al. Food Quality and Preference, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.08.005
Highlights
• We determined the variety of foods consumed by free-living, food-secure individuals.
• We examined how the amount of variety consumed affected satisfaction with variety.
• Participants consumed an average of 110 unique foods over 28 days.
• Females consumed more unique foods than did males over most all eating occasions.
• Participants were generally satisfied with the amount of variety they selected.
Abstract: Nursing homes, school lunch programs, institutional cafeterias, and households often struggle with balancing the cost of adding more variety with what consumers need to be satisfied. But we were unaware of any studies examining what people consider satisfactory variety within and across meals, days, weeks, and months. Our objectives were first to determine the variety of foods consumed by free-living, food-secure individuals 25 years of age or older with Bachelor’s degrees and no food allergies or sensitivities, and second, to evaluate how the amount of variety consumed in their diets affected their satisfaction with variety.
Participants (n = 102, 50% male) maintained a 28-day online food diary with seven eating occasions: breakfast, morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack, early evening snack, dinner, and late evening snack. After completing each week, participants rated their satisfaction with the variety in their diets that week. We measured dietary variety both as a count of unique foods, and as a proportion of unique foods. We evaluated how dietary variety differed by gender and by eating occasions. The total number of foods consumed each week, the count of unique foods, and the proportion of unique foods were compared with ratings of satisfaction with variety.
Participants consumed an average of 110 unique foods over 28 days with higher counts of unique foods for dinner (46 items), followed by lunch (38 items), and then breakfast (21 items). The highest proportions of unique foods were consumed at dinner (0.60) and early evening snack (0.59). Females consumed higher counts of unique foods than did males over most eating occasions. None of our dietary variety measures predicted participants’ satisfaction with variety. Our food-secure, highly educated, and free-living participants provided themselves with the amount of variety they needed to feel generally satisfied.
Highlights
• We determined the variety of foods consumed by free-living, food-secure individuals.
• We examined how the amount of variety consumed affected satisfaction with variety.
• Participants consumed an average of 110 unique foods over 28 days.
• Females consumed more unique foods than did males over most all eating occasions.
• Participants were generally satisfied with the amount of variety they selected.
Abstract: Nursing homes, school lunch programs, institutional cafeterias, and households often struggle with balancing the cost of adding more variety with what consumers need to be satisfied. But we were unaware of any studies examining what people consider satisfactory variety within and across meals, days, weeks, and months. Our objectives were first to determine the variety of foods consumed by free-living, food-secure individuals 25 years of age or older with Bachelor’s degrees and no food allergies or sensitivities, and second, to evaluate how the amount of variety consumed in their diets affected their satisfaction with variety.
Participants (n = 102, 50% male) maintained a 28-day online food diary with seven eating occasions: breakfast, morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack, early evening snack, dinner, and late evening snack. After completing each week, participants rated their satisfaction with the variety in their diets that week. We measured dietary variety both as a count of unique foods, and as a proportion of unique foods. We evaluated how dietary variety differed by gender and by eating occasions. The total number of foods consumed each week, the count of unique foods, and the proportion of unique foods were compared with ratings of satisfaction with variety.
Participants consumed an average of 110 unique foods over 28 days with higher counts of unique foods for dinner (46 items), followed by lunch (38 items), and then breakfast (21 items). The highest proportions of unique foods were consumed at dinner (0.60) and early evening snack (0.59). Females consumed higher counts of unique foods than did males over most eating occasions. None of our dietary variety measures predicted participants’ satisfaction with variety. Our food-secure, highly educated, and free-living participants provided themselves with the amount of variety they needed to feel generally satisfied.
Brain: Some proteins are surprisingly long lived & resist proteasome decay, leading in pathological cases to prion disorders such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; how this works at molecular levels & relates to age-related cellular burden in neurons that never “rejuvenate” through cell division?
Chapter 3. Prahlad & Chikka: Aging and the brain. In The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118772034.ch3
This chapter reviews molecular and cellular aspects of aging in the context of the evolution of aging. What is the advantage to humankind of long living? Organismal aging as a postreproductive process is not under strong reproductive selection. Extensions of lifespan may even correlate with reduced reproduction. The oldest known person ever, Jeanne Calment, died at age 122 and had only one daughter. Hers is a prominent human example of a broader inverse relationship between longevity and fertility across species, whose foundations remain unclear. A central theme of aging is the molecular and cellular instability and the role of the brain in regulating these processes. Some proteins are surprisingly long lived and resist proteasome decay, leading in pathological cases to prion disorders such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The authors review how this works at molecular levels and relates to age-related cellular burden in neurons that never “rejuvenate” through cell division. Parabiosis, or sharing of blood circulation of two organisms of different age, is the best known example of how blood-born molecules can affect organism vitality and longevity, possibly through additional trophic factors in the brain. This chapter lays biological foundations for interpreting findings on the aging mind and brain covered throughout this book.
This chapter reviews molecular and cellular aspects of aging in the context of the evolution of aging. What is the advantage to humankind of long living? Organismal aging as a postreproductive process is not under strong reproductive selection. Extensions of lifespan may even correlate with reduced reproduction. The oldest known person ever, Jeanne Calment, died at age 122 and had only one daughter. Hers is a prominent human example of a broader inverse relationship between longevity and fertility across species, whose foundations remain unclear. A central theme of aging is the molecular and cellular instability and the role of the brain in regulating these processes. Some proteins are surprisingly long lived and resist proteasome decay, leading in pathological cases to prion disorders such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The authors review how this works at molecular levels and relates to age-related cellular burden in neurons that never “rejuvenate” through cell division. Parabiosis, or sharing of blood circulation of two organisms of different age, is the best known example of how blood-born molecules can affect organism vitality and longevity, possibly through additional trophic factors in the brain. This chapter lays biological foundations for interpreting findings on the aging mind and brain covered throughout this book.
Social networks, social relationships, and their effects on the aging mind and brain
Chapter 2. Ashida & Schafer: Social networks, social relationships, and their effects on the aging mind and brain. In The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118772034.ch2
Summary: People, like cells in a person’s body, are parts of dynamic systems and a network of support. Ashida and Schafer explore how social interactions at various levels affect healthy aging, much as cells in a body depend on functions of other parts. Mechanistic details of how such social interactions affect mind and brain health remain unclear, and individual variations tend to buck trends, yet common themes of social dependency emerge. Evidence strongly supports that caregiver and care receiver form dyads driven, for better or worse, by interactive dynamics at multiple levels. Social networks and interactions benefit healthy aging, but few attempts have been made to measure these interactions and harness their potential for improving healthy mind and brain aging in a rapidly changing society––where family interactions are progressively replaced by distant social networks in cyberspace. The effects of these dynamic changes on healthy aging of an ever-increasing population of seniors ready and willing to maintain social engagement are critical areas to be explored.
Summary: People, like cells in a person’s body, are parts of dynamic systems and a network of support. Ashida and Schafer explore how social interactions at various levels affect healthy aging, much as cells in a body depend on functions of other parts. Mechanistic details of how such social interactions affect mind and brain health remain unclear, and individual variations tend to buck trends, yet common themes of social dependency emerge. Evidence strongly supports that caregiver and care receiver form dyads driven, for better or worse, by interactive dynamics at multiple levels. Social networks and interactions benefit healthy aging, but few attempts have been made to measure these interactions and harness their potential for improving healthy mind and brain aging in a rapidly changing society––where family interactions are progressively replaced by distant social networks in cyberspace. The effects of these dynamic changes on healthy aging of an ever-increasing population of seniors ready and willing to maintain social engagement are critical areas to be explored.
During early adolescence, boys receiving school-based sex education had more immature sexual beliefs than those who had not; later this is corrected
Let Us Talk About Sexual Immaturity in Adolescence: Implications for School-Based Sex Education. Anneliese C. Bolland et al. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13178-018-0348-7
Abstract: While rates of sexual activity among adolescents have declined, they remain high among adolescents living in poverty. Risky sexual behaviors are often compounded, placing adolescents at greater risk for increased prevalence of sexual behaviors during later adolescence and other behaviors that may compromise later life chances. Sexual immaturity may influence sexual initiation and trajectories of sexual behavior. In the current study, using a growth curve framework, data from the Mobile Youth and Poverty Study are used to model how sexual immaturity develops across adolescence as a function of age, gender, and sex education. Results suggest that girls are less sexually immature than boys, regardless of exposure to school-based sex education. For girls, sexual immaturity trajectories were similar throughout adolescence. However, during early adolescence, boys receiving school-based sex education had more immature sexual beliefs than those who had not. By middle adolescence, these differences had disappeared, and by late adolescence, boys receiving sex education had more mature attitudes boys who had not. Our results suggest that school-based sex education curricula should take into consideration how sexual maturity is portrayed among adolescents, particularly those who live in impoverished communities.
Abstract: While rates of sexual activity among adolescents have declined, they remain high among adolescents living in poverty. Risky sexual behaviors are often compounded, placing adolescents at greater risk for increased prevalence of sexual behaviors during later adolescence and other behaviors that may compromise later life chances. Sexual immaturity may influence sexual initiation and trajectories of sexual behavior. In the current study, using a growth curve framework, data from the Mobile Youth and Poverty Study are used to model how sexual immaturity develops across adolescence as a function of age, gender, and sex education. Results suggest that girls are less sexually immature than boys, regardless of exposure to school-based sex education. For girls, sexual immaturity trajectories were similar throughout adolescence. However, during early adolescence, boys receiving school-based sex education had more immature sexual beliefs than those who had not. By middle adolescence, these differences had disappeared, and by late adolescence, boys receiving sex education had more mature attitudes boys who had not. Our results suggest that school-based sex education curricula should take into consideration how sexual maturity is portrayed among adolescents, particularly those who live in impoverished communities.
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