Liking for foods high in salt and fat is associated with a lower diet quality but liking for foods high in sugar is not

Liking for foods high in salt and fat is associated with a lower diet quality but liking for foods high in sugar is not – Results from the Predise study. Elise Carbonneau et al. Food Quality and Preference, September 1 2020, 104073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104073

Highlights
• Liking for sweet foods is not associated with Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI).
• Liking for salty foods is associated with lower consumption of healthy foods.
• Liking for salty foods is inversely associated with C-HEI in men.
• Liking for salty foods is inversely associated with C-HEI in less educated women.

Abstract: The research aimed at examining how liking for foods high in salt and fat and for foods high in sugar are associated with overall diet quality and how these associations differ according to individual characteristics (i.e., sex, age, education, income, nutrition knowledge, and energy reporting status) in French-speaking adults from the Province of Quebec, Canada. As part of the web-based cross-sectional PREDISE study, 1096 men and women completed online questionnaires. The Food Liking Questionnaire assessed reported liking for a variety of salty foods (high in salt and fat) and sweet foods (high in sugar and either high-fat or low-fat) on a scale from 1 to 9. The Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was computed based on data collected using 24-hour food recalls. Women (vs. men) reported lower liking for salty foods (5.97±1.34 vs. 6.58±1.16, p<0.0001) and for sweet foods (5.52±1.36 vs. 5.71±1.25, p=0.015). Multiple linear regressions showed that liking for sweet foods was not associated with C-HEI (B=-0.10, p=0.78). Given a significant sex interaction in the association between liking for salty foods and C-HEI (p interaction=0.0218), subsequent analyses were stratified by sex. Multiple linear regressions supported that liking for salty foods was more strongly inversely associated with C-HEI in men (B=-3.37, p<0.0001) than women (B=-1.46, p=0.0035). In conclusion, a strong liking for salty foods may interfere with healthy eating, especially in men. Building on these results, future studies should investigate the potential of interventions designed to improve the healthiness of food habits in individuals with strong liking for these foods.

Keywords: Food likingsalty foodssweet foodsdiet qualityHealthy Eating IndexPREDISE study