It seems that if individuals are frequently exposed to non-like-minded information, they often feel negative emotions and are, therefore, more likely to use incivility

The Effect of Exposure to (Non-)Like-Minded Information on the Use of Political Incivility on Twitter. Kohei Nishi. advance social sciences & humanities, Mar 11 2021. https://advance.sagepub.com/articles/preprint/The_Effect_of_Exposure_to_Non-_Like-Minded_Information_on_the_Use_of_Political_Incivility_on_Twitter/14191046/1

Abstract: Does exposure to like-minded/non-like-minded information lead to the use of political incivility? Few studies have investigated this question, and the results have been mixed. There are two conflicting possibilities: (i) if individuals are frequently exposed to like-minded political information, they reinforce their pre-existing beliefs and are, thus, more likely to use uncivil language, and (ii) if individuals are frequently exposed to non-like-minded information, they often feel negative emotions and are, therefore, more likely to use incivility. To evaluate these two competing hypotheses, I analyze Japanese Twitter data using a semi-supervised learning method. The results show that individuals who are exposed to non-like-minded information are more likely to use political incivility.