Sets of cultural dimensions in the literature: Instead of looking at dimensions from different sets one by one, each set of dimensions can be viewed as one unit covering a certain space of values, norms, beliefs, attitudes

Merging Hofstede, Schwartz, and Inglehart into a Single System. Anneli Kaasa. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, April 19, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211011244

Abstract: There are various sets of cultural dimensions in the literature. Can they be merged into a single system? While previous studies have mainly compared different dimensions empirically, this article takes a conceptual approach and explains how Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s, and Inglehart’s models can be merged into one system. Instead of looking at dimensions from different sets one by one, this study uses a novel approach: each set of dimensions is viewed as one unit covering a certain space of values, norms, beliefs, attitudes, etc. The results make it possible to arrange three sets of dimensions into one visualized system and confirm several conclusions in the existing literature. Knowing how different models are related to each other allows easier comparisons of the results of studies using different sets of cultural dimensions as explanations of extraneous variables.

Keywords: cultural dimensions, Hofstede, Schwartz, Inglehart