We find support for coalition formation between individuals who share food & labour, & especially kinship; physically formidable men & men higher in informal status were more likely to provide coalitional support over time

Coalitions and conflict: A longitudinal analysis of men's politics. Daniel Redhead, Christopher R. von Rueden. Evolutionary Human Sciences, May 5 2021. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/evolutionary-human-sciences/article/coalitions-and-conflict-a-longitudinal-analysis-of-mens-politics/06D187167A6F3B1C7D2379D13D89BFA0

Abstract: To negotiate conflict and navigate status hierarchy, individuals in many species form coalitions. We describe inter-personal conflicts and assess theories of coalitionformation in a small-scale human society. Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional social network analysis of men in two communities of Tsimane forager-horticulturalists, we find evidence of reciprocity in coalitional support, as well as evidence of transitivity: an ally of my ally is likely to become my ally. We find mixed support for coalition formation between individuals who share a common adversary. Coalition formation was also predicted by food- and labour-sharing and especially by kinship. Physically formidable men and men higher in informal status were more likely to provide coalitional support over time; evidence was mixed that they receive more coalitional support. The highest status men are hubs of a dense coalitional support network that indirectly link all men in the community. These findings suggest male coalition formation is multiply motivated, and in general reveals the political dynamics that structure men’s lives in small, relatively egalitarian communities.

Media Summary: Among the Tsimane, the emergence of coalitions over time is primarily motivated by social status and existing social relationships between individuals.

Popular version https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-05/mpif-cac050521.php

From 2020... Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

From 2020... Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. Franck Mauvais-Jarvis et al. The Lancet, Volume 396, Issue 10250, August 22-28, 2020, Pages 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31561-0

Summary: Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.

Personality might at least partly be expressed in people’s voice pitch: Results suggest substantial negative relationships between voice pitch and self-reported sociosexuality, dominance & extraversion in men & women

Stern, Julia, Christoph Schild, Benedict C. Jones, Lisa M. DeBruine, Amanda Hahn, David Puts, Ingo Zettler, et al. 2019. “Do Voices Carry Valid Information About a Speaker's Personality?.” PsyArXiv. April 11. doi:10.31234/osf.io/9a68c

Abstract: Research on links between peoples’ personality traits and their voices has primarily focused on other peoples’ personality judgments about a target person based on a target person’s vocal characteristics, particularly voice pitch. However, it remains unclear whether individual differences in voices are linked to actual individual differences in personality traits, and thus whether vocal characteristics are indeed valid cues to personality. Here, we investigate how the personality traits of the Five Factor Model of Personality, sociosexuality, and dominance are related to measured fundamental frequency (voice pitch) and formant frequencies (formant position). For this purpose, we conducted a secondary data analysis of a large sample (2,217 participants) from eleven different, independent datasets with a Bayesian approach. Results suggest substantial negative relationships between voice pitch and self-reported sociosexuality, dominance and extraversion in men and women. Thus, personality might at least partly be expressed in people’s voice pitch. Evidence for an association between formant frequencies and self-reported personality traits is not compelling but remains uncertain. We discuss potential underlying biological mechanisms of our effects and suggest a number of implications for future research.

Rolf Degen summarizing... Win–win denial: People have a strong tendency to misperceive trade as a zero sum game in which buyers get the short end of the stick

Win–win denial : the psychological underpinnings of zero-sum thinking. Johnson, Samuel G B, Zhang, Jiewen and Keil, Frank C. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (In Press). May 2021. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/151065

Rolf Degen's take: https://twitter.com/DegenRolf/status/1389868809796866048

Abstract: A core proposition in economics is that voluntary exchanges benefit both parties. We show that people often deny the mutually beneficial nature of exchange, instead espousing the belief that one or both parties fail to benefit from the exchange. Across 4 studies (and 8 further studies in the Supplementary Materials), participants read about simple exchanges of goods and services, judging whether each party to the transaction was better off or worse off afterwards. These studies revealed that win–win denial is pervasive, with buyers consistently seen as less likely to benefit from transactions than sellers. Several potential psychological mechanisms underlying win–win denial are considered, with the most important influences being mercantilist theories of value (confusing wealth for money) and theory of mind limits (failing to observe that people do not arbitrarily enter exchanges). We argue that these results have widespread implications for politics and society.